IMPORTANCE: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory infection in children younger than 5 years; effective prevention strategies are urgently needed. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies for the prevention of RSV infection in infants and children. DATA SOURCES: In this systematic review and network meta-analysis, PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from database inception to March 2022.