Between May 2023 and December 2023, we enrolled 54 patients with ESCC and 62 healthy controls (CTRL). All patients underwent endoscopic biopsy with histopathological examination, and were pathologically confirmed as ESCC by at least two experienced pathologists according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th Edition Staging System. Healthy controls underwent endoscopy and imaging examinations and were found to have no tumors or diseases.