American Journal of Ophthalmology

Fundus photographs reveals a slight paleness of the right optic disc (A). Optical coherence tomography shows thinning of the retinal ganglion cell layer in the right eye (B). Visual field test reveals a paracentral scotoma in the right eye (C). Dural thickening is not clearly visible on non-contrast MRI (D), whereas contrast-enhanced MRI reveals dural thickening and enhancement in the right orbital region and cerebrum (E). A fistula with exudate can be seen in the left axilla (F).

Original ArticlesArticles in PressOpen access Affiliations & Notes 1From California Retinal Consultants/Retina Consultants of America, Santa Barbara, California 2Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 3Bascom Palmer Eye Institute of the University of Miami School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 4Vitreoretinal Consultants of New York, Great Neck, New York 5Retina Consultants of Texas, Retina Consultants of America,...

Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 1 Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ Copyright: © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

Key words CSCR Central Serous Chorioretinopathy immune-mediated disease steroid use Introduction CSCR is an often-self-remitting maculopathy, with a strong male predominance in the 4th or 5th decade, with a reported annual incidence of 5.8 in 100,0001. Established risk factors include corticosteroid exposure, type A-personality, obstructive sleep apnea, use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors and history of sleep disturbances.

Keywords Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Stroke Lower Extremity Amputation Acute Kidney Injury Diabetic Retinopathy Retinal Vein Occlusion Retinal Artery Occlusion Neovascular Glaucoma Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Abbreviations GLP-1 RA (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist) DR (diabetic retinopathy) T2D (type 2 diabetes mellitus) PSM (propensity score matching) IPTW (probability of treatment weighting) Get full text access Log in, subscribe or purchase for full...

Keywords Intermediate age-related macular degeneration microperimetry retinal sensitivity optical coherence tomography disease progression structure–function relationship biomarkers Get full text access Log in, subscribe or purchase for full access. References 1. Lim, L.S. ∙ Mitchell, P. ∙ Seddon, J.M. ... Age-related macular degeneration Lancet. 2012; 379(9827):1728-1738 2. Wong, W.L. ∙ Su, X. ∙ Li, X. ...

Keywords IOL power calculation PAR Refractive prediction error Standard keratometry Total keratometry Get full text access Log in, subscribe or purchase for full access. References 1. Kim, M. ∙ Eom, Y. ∙ Lee, H. ... Use of the posterior/anterior corneal curvature radii ratio to improve the accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation: Eom's adjustment method Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018; 59(2):1016-1024 2. Wendelstein, J.A. ∙ Hoffmann, P.C. ∙ Hoffer, K.J. ...

Keywords polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy neovascular age-related macular degeneration optical coherence tomography ethnic variation anti-VEGF therapy pachychoroid Get full text access Log in, subscribe or purchase for full access. References 1. Cheung, C.M.G. ∙ Lai, T.Y.Y. ∙ Ruamviboonsuk, P. ... Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy: Definition, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management Ophthalmology. 2018; 125(5):708-724 2. Cheung, C.M.G. ∙ Dansingani, K.K. ∙ Koizumi, H. ...

Keywords Myopia controlled interventions Conflict of interest Risk of bias Systematic review Get full text access Log in, subscribe or purchase for full access. Reference 1. Steinmetz, J.D. ∙ Bourne, R.R. ∙ Briant, P.S. ... Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study The Lancet global health. 2021; 9(2):e144-e160 2.

The authors regret that one of the article’s author’s names was misspelled as “Sharon Marims.” The correct spelling of the author’s name is Sharon Merims. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.