In May 1840 Lieutenant Richmond Shakespear, a British artillery officer in India, dressed himself in the clothing of a Turcoman traveller and set off with a handful of local guides on a dangerous 1,100-km journey north from Herat, Afghanistan to the ancient Silk Road city of Khiva, in what is now Uzbekistan. Upon arriving, he told the reigning Khan he was there to protect his city from a Russian invasion. Shakespear was the second British officer sent to Khiva on such a mission that year.