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The misconception that Stoics are unemotional like a robot or, as they put it, a statue is so widespread that I’ve decided to put together some brief notes to summarise the opposing view, taken with modifications from my book Stoicism and the Art of Happiness (2013). The modern word “stoicism” (lowercase) means someone who has a stiff upper-lip, or more specifically someone who suppresses or conceals unpleasant or embarrassing emotions.
People often view Marcus Aurelius as the voice of calm, detached, serenity, but make the mistake of assuming that he was completely emotionless. The real Marcus was more interesting than that. He experienced grief, wept, and worried. He struggled with anger, fear, illness, bereavement, war, plague, political intrigue, and the moral burden of ruling the whole Roman Empire.
In this episode, I talk to award-winning historian, and novelist, Dr. Adrian Goldsworthy. He is the author of numerous books on ancient history, especially the Romans, and we’ll be discussing his latest one, which came out in May, Athens and Sparta: The Rivalry that Shaped Ancient Greece. Do you think readers will perceive any parallels between ancient Athenian politics and recent history? What are our sources like for this period? How biased are they? What’s missing?
The Stoic Question: Philosophy and Psychology Donald Robertson, author of How to Think Like a Roman Emperor and How to Think Like Socrates, explores the meeting point of Stoicism, philosophy, psychology, psychotherapy, and the art of living through solo reflections and conversations with leading experts on anger, anxiety, resilience, self-improvement, and how to live well.
In a recent article, I told the story of how a forgotten form of psychotherapy from the Second World War was used by military psychiatrist Douglas M. Kelley to treat American soldiers suffering from combat stress, now called PTSD. (Link at the bottom of this page.) This short follow-up article focuses on how you can apply the same ideas today for self-improvement.
Later today, 15th of June, at 12pm eastern time, I’ll be chatting with Massimo Pigliucci about skepticism and his forthcoming book How to Be a (Happy) Skeptic: The Power of Doubt in a Meaningful Life–Lessons from Cicero’s Philosophy. Everyone is welcome. You’ll be able to join the live stream on Substack using this link, and a recording will be sent out afterwards.
One of the most robust findings in the field of psychotherapy research is that people can overcome anxiety by systematically facing what they have been avoiding. Therapists call this exposure therapy. It has been a central component of behaviour therapy, and cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) since the 1950s. Exposure involves deliberately facing feared situations, in reality or in vivo, rather than avoiding them.
If you undertake a role which is beyond your powers, you both disgrace yourself in that one, and at the same time neglect the role which you might have filled with success. We all adopt different roles in life, which depend on our ability to influence external events, in various ways. Epictetus seems to mean that if we’re going to undertake roles where we’re expected to manage people or events appropriately then we should first be certain that this is within our power.
One of the most common questions that people ask me, in coaching or therapy, is some variation of “How do I make sure I respond differently to problems in the future?” What they mean is that they’ve tried journalling, meditation, and a load of other therapy and self-help, which they feel has been of some benefit, but it hasn’t actually helped them respond differently in real situations, which trigger old habits, anger, anxiety, or other responses they want to change.
What’s your least favourite emotion? Far more research has been conducted on anxiety than upon anger. More self-help literature targets anxiety, and more clients seek therapy for anxiety than for anger. But does that reflect the perceived harm? What do you think? After responding, you’ll be able to view the results so far. Share your thoughts in the comments. Stoicism: Philosophy as a Way of Life is a reader-supported publication.