BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care

In the SURPASS-SWITCH trial, switching to tirzepatide from dulaglutide versus escalating dulaglutide resulted in significantly greater improvements in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and body weight in participants with T2D on 0–3 oral antihyperglycemic medications. This study explored the consistency of the treatment effect across a range of baseline characteristics that may be relevant to clinical decision-making and setting treatment goals.

Discussion In this study, parental stress levels assessed using the PSI-SF questionnaire were low. Existing literature presents conflicting evidence regarding the relationship between parental stress and metabolic control in children and adolescents.

Discussion In this study, we used the extensive data available in the UKB and identified six classes of individuals of European ancestry with T2D based on their HbA1c trajectories over a mean follow-up of 8.1 years from diagnosis. The reference class (A; “low and stable”) represents a trajectory previously observed in other studies.

Study population The UK Biobank is a population-based prospective cohort study, consisting of more than 500,000 adults from England, Scotland, and Wales. Participants completed touchscreen questionnaires, verbal interviews, and physical measurements, as well as provided biological samples.

Discussion In the present study, we have demonstrated a significant difference in TLR5 expression in the islets of Langerhans between patients with newly onset T1D and healthy controls, and the TLR5 expression correlated inversely to islet-infiltrating CD3 T cells in the same patients, as well as in diabetic NOD mice. Additionally, we identified a TLR5-related polymorphism associated with T1D. TLR5 expression was partially normalized in patients with T1D with a duration of 5 years.

Discussion Using large-scale UK electronic health records, we conducted an observational cohort study of adults with T2DM to determine the association between learning disability and glycemic control, vascular outcomes, and mortality. We found strong evidence to suggest that those with learning disabilities had better glycemic control than those without learning disabilities.

Discussion This study is the first to show that individuals with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin have lower serum copper levels than do those not receiving this drug. Serum ceruloplasmin levels were also lower in metformin users, which is consistent with copper deficiency. Multiple regression analysis accounting for variables that could influence metal dynamics identified metformin use as an independent determinant of serum copper concentration.

Results Between 2018 and 2019, 1599 births from individuals with a diagnosis of diabetes in pregnancy were identified (online supplemental figure 2). Individuals with known fetal anomalies (n=43) or not found to have diabetes on manual chart review (n=123) were excluded. Thus, 1433 individuals met the inclusion criteria, of which 143 (10%) were found to have “poor glucose control” language documented in their medical records.

Contributors: Concept and design: all authors (WT, BY, JP, JF, LEF-L, PCA, CJ, HR, DSL, AW, MEF, ASG, CLA, JCK, AH, VD, JU). Data analysis: BY, JP, JF, LEF-L, WT, PCA, JU. Interpretation of data: all authors (WT, BY, JP, JF, LEF-L, PCA, CJ, HR, DSL, AW, MEF, ASG, CLA, JCK, AH, VD, JU). Drafting: WT and JU. Critical revisions: all authors (WT, BY, JP, JF, LEF-L, PCA, CJ, HR, DSL, AW, MEF, ASG, CLA, JCK, AH, VD, JU).

Discussion In this nationally representative study, frequent urinary incontinence was common among adults aged ≥55 years with type 2 diabetes who met guideline indications for SGLT2is. As expected, the prevalence of urinary incontinence was much higher among women than men, affecting nearly 50% of women and almost 20% of men with guideline indications for SGLT2is specifically.