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Introduction Human pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive, often fatal lung disease [1–3]. The most common form is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), defined as pulmonary fibrosis of unknown aetiology [4]. It arises from repetitive injury to the alveolar epithelium, leading to type II alveolar epithelial (AT2) cell hyperplasia and accumulation of immune cells, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) [5, 6].

Review | Mini Reviews Open access The future of home oxygen therapy Article Figures & Tables Info & Metrics The problem with home oxygen therapy Home oxygen therapy is a well-accepted treatment for advanced respiratory disease, with >1.5 million users in the United States of America alone [1]. Over 40 years ago, two randomised controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrated survival benefits of long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) in people with COPD and severe resting hypoxaemia [2, 3].

Correction “Exacerbations of bronchiectasis.” A. De Angelis, E.D. Johnson, S. Sutharsan, et al. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33: 240085. Article Figures & Tables Info & Metrics The authors of this article from the July 2024 issue of the European Respiratory Review would like to correct an error in figure 1.

Correspondence Open access Weight loss for obstructive sleep apnoea: first-line therapy should not mean single-line therapy Article Info & Metrics To the Editor: We read with great interest the balanced pro–con debate by Patel and Ryan [1].

Introduction The adult lung has a remarkable yet tightly regulated capacity for regeneration [1]. Alveoli are lined by two key epithelial cell types: flat alveolar type I (AT1) cells, which cover >95% of the surface for gas exchange, and cuboidal alveolar type II (AT2) cells, which produce surfactant and serve as resident stem/progenitor cells [2–4].

Introduction Interstitial lung disease (ILD) includes a group of pulmonary parenchymal disorders that are classified together due to their shared clinical presentation, chest radiographic features, and physiological traits. The main categories of ILD include those associated with environmental exposures (e.g. hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pneumoconiosis), ILD secondary to connective tissue diseases (e.g. scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis), sarcoidosis, and idiopathic interstitial pneumonias.

Introduction Paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is characterised by recurrent upper-airway obstruction during sleep, intermittent hypoxaemia/hypercapnia and sleep fragmentation and remains the most common indication for adenotonsillectomy in children [1]. Common polysomnography (PSG) exposure metrics include the apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) (apnoeas and hypopnoeas per hour of sleep), the oxygen desaturation index (ODI) (desaturation events per hour) and arousal indices.

Introduction Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a diffuse interstitial lung disease characterised by a complex immune response to repeated and prolonged exposure and sensitisation to a variety of inhaled antigens in susceptible individuals [1, 2].

Introduction Right heart failure is the leading cause of mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) [1], yet effective therapies for this complex and deadly clinical condition are lacking. Therapies with efficacy in left heart failure are largely ineffective or have neutral effects in PAH-associated right heart failure [2].

Introduction Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide, affecting an estimated 1–29% of the global population and causing significant morbidity and mortality [1, 2]. With recent therapeutic advances, particularly the advent of biologic therapies, the concept of asthma remission has emerged as a meaningful and achievable goal in both research and in clinical practice.