Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal

ABSTRACT Introduction: Abnormal Implantation of the Placenta in uterine walls is the condition known as Morbidly Adherent Placenta. It includes Placenta accreta, increta and percreta. It is mostly reported after history of placental previa and C-section. The irreversible damages from Abnormal Placentation that includes morbidity and mortality in women can be prevented by a holistic approach of treatment.

Objective: To observe the sonographic advancement of the Doppler technique Superb Microvascular imaging (cSMI) for detecting fetal cardiac activity (FCA) in early pregnancy when not detected on grey scale ultrasound and conventional Doppler. Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Malaria is most common health problem in tropical areas that can lead to fatal complications including acute kidney injury. Plasmodium falciparum infection is one of leading cause of complicated malaria leading to death. Although the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury is not fully understood, however, blockage of renal microcirculation due to sequestration of red blood cells, immune mediated glomerular injury, and hypovolemia, play a pivotal role in causing acute of kidney dysfunction.

Objective: To compare appendectomy under spinal anaesthesia versus combining Ketamine and Midazolam with spinal anaesthesia. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Jan to June 2022. Methodology: A sample of 100 patients fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria was collected. A random segregation was made into two equal groups through the lottery method resulting in fifty patients in each Group-50.

Objective: To assess the association of smoking with dental caries and periodontal health status among incarcerated women in Karachi facility, Sindh, Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of study: Department of Community, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Karachi Pakistan, from Dec 2021 to Feb 2022.

Objective: To determine the frequency of various categories of lesions in needle core biopsies done in breast lumps and the utility of using the reporting categories (B1 – B5) of the Royal College of Pathologists London (United Kingdom). Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Histopathology, Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad Pakistan, from Jan to Dec 2021.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Glargine Insulin with Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) Insulin in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes with oral hypoglycemic. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Place and Duration of the Study: Railway Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Nov 2020 to Jul 2021. Methodology: All patients aged 30-70 years of either gender, presented with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus on oral hypoglycemic for ≥1 year were enrolled.

Objective: To analyse the C-shaped canal configuration in the mandibular second molar in a Pakistani subpopulation using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi Pakistan, from Feb to Jul 2020. Methodology: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of the mandibular second molar that were taken for some other purpose were included in the study.

Objective: To compare the analgesic effect of different routes of Dexmedetomidine when given as an adjuvant to Bupivacaine in the axillary block for surgical correction of radius fracture. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Sep 2021 to Feb 2022. Methodology: The patients were divided into two equal groups. Group-A (Perineural Dexmedetomidine) and Group B (Intravenous Dexmedetomidine).

Objective: To assess the quality of life of people in quarantine and isolation centres in the Rawalpindi Cantonment area. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Isolation Centre of Pak Emirates Military Hospital and Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine Rawalpindi Pakistan and various Quarantine Centres in the Rawalpindi Cantonment area, from Aug 2020 to Mar 2021. Methodology: A total of 187 individuals were included in the study.