Produced in partnership with Betashares. The 2026 Budget proposal to replace the 50 per cent capital gains discount with cost-base indexation reintroduces an old structural problem: capital gains and capital losses are calculated on different cost bases. For investors holding a portfolio of direct shares, that asymmetry can result in tax being paid on a real economic gain that simply isn’t there. Pooled investment vehicles, including ETFs, could potentially mitigate the problem.