To view the full text, please login as a subscribed user or purchase a subscription. Click here to view the full text on ScienceDirect. FiguresA growing body of evidence suggests a second arterial conduit, either the right internal- thoracic-artery or a radial-artery, in addition to the left internal-thoracic-artery (LITA) for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) improves long-term outcomes. However, it remains unclear whether a third arterial conduit provides additional long-term benefits.