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Articles by Aaron Wu
The WTO's Reckoning with Clean Energy Incentives
Home/ Insights/ The WTO's Reckoning with Clean Energy Incentives Introduction The energy transition has become inseparable from industrial strategy and, increasingly, from geopolitical rivalry. As governments compete to anchor clean energy supply chains within their borders, they reach for instruments that sit uneasily with the disciplines of the multilateral trading system.
Tell the News: What’s your favorite dining place on campus?
March 16, 2026 In the heart of Northeastern’s Boston campus, there are tons of options when it comes to dining, including visiting one of the main dining halls or a restaurant near campus that accepts Husky or Dining Dollars. To find out where students prefer to eat, The Huntington News surveyed 101 students in January using a Google Forms poll.
The IMO’s Carbon Pricing Impasse: What the Delay Means for Global Shipping (via Passle)
On 17 October 2025, the International Maritime Organization ("IMO") postponed its vote on a pioneering carbon pricing framework—agreed in principle in April 2025—to reduce greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions in the shipping sector (“the IMO Net-Zero Framework”). The delay, until 2026, follows opposition from over 57 countries.
EU CBAM amended to exclude 90% of importers but include 99% of emissions (via Passle)
On 20 October 2025, Regulation 2025/2083 (the ‘Regulation’), to simplify and strengthen the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), came into force. The European Commission has significantly recalibrated the CBAM following its data-gathering phase, ahead of its full implementation on 1 July 2026.
ICJ Advisory Opinion on States’ Climate-related Obligations: Implications for Companies (via Passle)
On 23 July 2025, the world’s highest court, the International Court of Justice (ICJ), handed down its long-awaited Advisory Opinion (the Opinion) on States’ legal obligations in respect of climate change. The Opinion is the third advisory opinion issued by an international court in relation to climate change, with the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights publishing their opinions in May 2024 and July 2025 respectively.
The Energy Dividend: Power strategies to maximise data centre investments
It’s no secret that in today’s digital age, defined by exponential growth in artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and other data-driven services, the major constraint on data centres is not computing capacity or network bandwidth, but the availability and cost of electricity.
The UK Formalises Pathway for AI Growth Zones Designation (via Passle)
On 30 April 2025, the UK government launched the formal qualifying process of its Artificial Intelligence Growth Zones (AIGZ) initiative. AIGZs intend to catalyse the deployment of AI technology infrastructure—principally hyperscale data centres and high-density compute facilities—on high growth-potential sites, through expedited regulatory pathways and preferential access to constrained resources.
UK Government consultation on the Integrity of Voluntary Carbon and Nature Markets (via Passle)
On 17 April 2025, the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (“DESNZ”) launched a consultation on how to operationalise its six Principles for Voluntary Carbon and Nature Market (“VCNM”) Integrity. Introduced at COP29, the Principles aim to position the UK as a hub for high-integrity carbon and nature finance.
The Sustainability Omnibus - Streamlining Sustainability Regulation
On 26 February 2025, the European Commission published its proposals for the first in a series of ‘omnibus’ packages, aimed at streamlining the EU’s sustainability and value chain due diligence legislation. The proposals hope to reduce sustainability reporting burdens on corporates and financial institutions by 25% through a process of simplification and make the EU more globally competitive.
Atomic Modernisation of the Energy Charter Treaty: Incremental Change or Fundamental Reform? - Part II (via Passle)
This blog is the second instalment of a two-part series examining the recent amendments to the Energy Charter Treaty. Dispute resolution: Increased Transparency and Procedural Safeguards The amendments introduce several procedural refinements to increase legal certainty and procedural efficiency in investment disputes, including: Mandatory application of the UNCITRAL Rules on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-State Arbitration of 1 April 2014 to all investor-state disputes.
Atomic Modernisation of the Energy Charter Treaty: Incremental Change or Fundamental Reform? - Part II
Dispute resolution: Increased Transparency and Procedural Safeguards The amendments introduce several procedural refinements to increase legal certainty and procedural efficiency in investment disputes, including: Mandatory application of the UNCITRAL Rules on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-State Arbitration of 1 April 2014 to all investor-state disputes.
The Commission Work Programme 2025: What’s Next for the Omnibus? (via Passle)
Updates in relation to the EU’s proposed sustainability ‘omnibus’ package seem to be coming thick and fast, although distinguishing between what is rumour and what is actually being planned, whilst we await further details from the Commission, can be challenging.
The Commission Work Programme 2025: What’s Next for the Omnibus?
Updates in relation to the EU’s proposed sustainability ‘omnibus’ package seem to be coming thick and fast, although distinguishing between what is rumour and what is actually being planned, whilst we await further details from the Commission, can be challenging.
Atomic Modernisation of the Energy Charter Treaty: Incremental Change or Fundamental Reform? - Part I (via Passle)
This blog is the first instalment of a two-part series examining the recent amendments to the Energy Charter Treaty. Introduction The Energy Charter Treaty (‘ECT’) has long served as a cornerstone of cross-border energy investments. However, it has also faced increasing scrutiny, particularly for shielding fossil fuel investments at a time when many states are accelerating their energy transition policies.
Atomic Modernisation of the Energy Charter Treaty: Incremental Change or Fundamental Reform? - Part I
Introduction The Energy Charter Treaty (‘ECT’) has long served as a cornerstone of cross-border energy investments. However, it has also faced increasing scrutiny, particularly for shielding fossil fuel investments at a time when many states are accelerating their energy transition policies. Following a prolonged deadlock, and the high-profile withdrawals of the UK and several EU member states, the remaining contracting parties reached an agreement on 3 December 2024 to modernise the treaty.
Carbon Markets: Momentum builds towards integrity and expansion (via Passle)
The blog below is an extract from Slaughter and May’s UK Energy and Infrastructure: What’s to come in 2025 publication. For information regarding other sector developments, please click here. 2024 ended on an optimistic note for carbon markets, with COP29 delivering long-awaited breakthroughs in negotiations to operationalise Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.
Fuelling the energy transition: North Sea Oil & Gas, and Alternative Fuels (via Passle)
The blog below is an extract from Slaughter and May’s UK Energy and Infrastructure: What’s to come in 2025 publication. For information regarding other sector developments, please click here. North Sea Transition: Balancing energy jobs and Net Zero objectives The new Labour government has committed to ensuring a “phased and responsible transition” in the North Sea, the stated aim of which is to balance job protection while recognising oil and gas’s ongoing role in the UK’s energy mix.
The Great Plastic Reckoning: Plastics, Power, and the Path Ahead (via Passle)
Microplastics infiltrating food chains, the proliferation of plastic bags, and the Great Pacific Garbage Patch's expanding scope all underscore the imperative of mitigating plastic’s detrimental impacts. International efforts have traditionally focused on waste management and recycling, yet momentum toward a legally binding treaty addressing the entire lifecycle of plastics is accelerating.
Borders of Smoke and Steel: The UK CBAM Consultation Response (via Passle)
In a world where borders are often seen as barriers, greenhouse gases remain unconfined, drifting across seas and skies, untethered to nations or geographies. The United Kingdom is now primed to erect a new type of border: motivated not by exclusion, but by accountability.
A Biomechanical Evaluation of Distal Tilting Implants in All-on-Four Rehabilitation with Mild Mandibular Resorption: A Finite Element Analysis Study
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
Development, Testing, and Calibration of LINCS: A New Microsimulation Model of Maternal and Fetal Cytomegalovirus Infection
Dr. Prabhu reports royalties from UpToDate, is a consultant for BabyList, Inc, and created a webinar on CMV for Medscape. Dr. Kakkar received research support from Altona Diagnostics. Dr. Pesch serves on the Board of Directors of the National CMV Foundation (unpaid), and is a paid consultant for Moderna Tx, WebMD, and 2ndMD. No other competing interests are reported. Financial support for this study was provided by the James and Audrey Foster MGH Research Scholars Award.
Designating UK Data Centres as Critical National Infrastructure: A New Era of Growth and Security?
We shared some views back in December 2023 around the UK government’s consultation on proposed regulations to improve the security and resilience of UK data infrastructure, part of which involved consideration as to whether to designate elements of the data centre sector as Critical National Infrastructure ('CNI'). The UK hosts the largest number of data centres in Western Europe, generating an estimated £4.6 billion in annual revenue, and is a key hub for connectivity worldwide.
EU Methane Regulation: Evaporation of the 2020 Methane Strategy? (via Passle)
Methane (CH4): a formidable greenhouse gas, air pollutant, major component of natural gas and second-largest contributor to climate change after carbon dioxide[1]. It can also be emitted during the production and transportation of oil and natural gas, both unintentionally from equipment imperfections, operations and maintenance, or equipment designed to vent methane for operational purposes.
Shifting the Overton Window: Enhancing Voluntary Carbon Market Integrity
Click here to listen to the audio Over the past few years, the interest in the voluntary carbon market and the opportunities it presents for businesses has grown. Samay Shah and Aaron Wu are joined by Amy Merrill, Chief Executive Officer of The Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market (ICVCM), an independent, non-profit governance body for the Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM), which aims to maximise its potential to finance climate solutions.
The pre-election period: a sensitive time for the energy transition
Shortly after Rishi Sunak’s surprise announcement that the General Election will be held on 4 July 2024, the Government and civil service entered the “pre-election period of sensitivity”, colloquially referred to as “purdah”.
Launch of new Appeals and Grievance Procedure under Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement
The UN Supervisory Body (“SB”) established under Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement to create a new international carbon crediting mechanism has created an Appeals and Grievance Procedure, which entered into force on 2 May 2024. The procedure allows people affected by decisions made under Article 6.4 to either appeal, or file a grievance against, those decisions. 1. Background Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement establishes a new international carbon crediting mechanism.
The Enchanted Path: Materialising a Provisional Carbon Removal Certification Framework
On 20 February 2024, the European Council and Parliament negotiators reached a provisional political agreement on a regulation that will establish a Carbon Removal Certification Framework in the EU (the “CRCF”). The CRCF is an EU-wide voluntary framework based on transparent carbon accounting.
Unravelling the UK’s Energy Charter Treaty Withdrawal
A formerly-stalwart champion of the Energy Charter Treaty (‘ECT’), the UK confirmed its intention on 22 February 2024 to withdraw from the treaty. Its actions, in untethering itself from the ECT, follows those of nine EU Member States,[1] and calls from the European Commission for a co-ordinated EU withdrawal.[2] The UK’s withdrawal significantly shifts its approach to energy policy and international investment protection.
Regulatory Barriers to a European Market for CO2 transport by ship
The European Commission’s ambitious recommendations to dramatically reduce the EU’s net greenhouse gas emissions by 90 per cent by 2040, published last week, foreshadow new regulatory measures to establish a European carbon dioxide (CO2) transport and storage market. In this article, we investigate certain regulatory barriers that the Commission may seek to address. At the outset, several interlocking international legal instruments regulate the transboundary shipment of CO2.
Letter to the Editor: Letter to the Editor regarding ‘Early impacts of the “National Suicide Prevention Trial” on trends in suicide and hospital admissions for self-harm in Australia’ - Tarun Bastiampillai, Aaron Wu, Andrew Giam, Prashant Tibrewal, 2023
Get full access to this article View all access and purchase options for this article. References Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) (2022) Deaths by suicide, by socioeconomic areas. Available at: www.aihw.gov.au/suicide-self-harm-monitoring/data/behaviours-risk-factors/suicide-by-socioeconomic-areas (accessed 16 May 2023). Durkheim E (2006) On Suicide. London: Penguin Books. Jorm A (2019) Lack of impact of past efforts to prevent suicide in Australia: Please explain.
The Architecture of a Global Plastics Treaty: Deconstructing the Zero Draft
Introduction Over 460 million tons of plastic is produced annually. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) projects that the amount of plastic waste will almost triple by 2060, with around half entering landfills.
Spring Budget 2023 and the UK's clean energy and infrastructure future
On Wednesday 15 March, the Chancellor, Jeremy Hunt, delivered his Spring Budget, positioning it as a “budget for growth” and an “enterprise-focused economy”. Emphasising the need for both energy security and a “clean energy future,” the Budget includes “unprecedented” investment in domestic carbon capture, usage, and storage (CCUS) and low carbon energy, along with renewed efforts to grow the UK’s nuclear power industry.
The UK Energy and Infrastructure Market: Reviewing 2022 and What's to Come in 2023
Rarely in recent history have the competing priorities of the "Energy Trilemma" - energy security, affordability, and decarbonisation - converged as dramatically as they have over the course of 2022. The war in Ukraine sent shockwaves around a world still recovering from a global pandemic. 2022 served as a stark reminder that energy remains the backbone of society, crucial to international relations and the economy.
Toward a Formalist Culture? Virtues of the ICVCM’s Core Carbon Market Principles
Of the 1.5 billion carbon credits now issued from more than 5,000 projects, critics claim many do not deliver the promised climate benefits.
Guitar-driven synthpop and tattoo-worthy lyricism: Holly Humberstone at the Regency Ballroom
Rising British singer-songwriter Holly Humberstone enchanted her San Francisco audience with guitar-led synthpop and tattoo-worthy lyricism at the Regency Ballroom. Alternating between electric guitar and keyboard, Holly performed an introspective set of songs ranging from mental health (“Deep End”) to toxic relationships (“Scarlett”). Opening for Girl in Red (and Olivia Rodrigo later this month), Holly’s captivating set on Tuesday night simply reaffirmed her status as pop’s next big thing.
A night of introspective grandeur with Clairo
Moving the audience to their feet and to tears, Clairo channeled Gen-Z bedroom pop and 70’s indie folk in a gentle, contemplative concert at Fox Theater on March 31. From the upbeat playfulness of “Bags” to the quiet devastation of “Harbor”, the concert was a testament to both Clairo’s musical prowess and ever-evolving artistic identity, limited by no one but herself.
Cisco SX350X and SX550X 10GE Switches for SMB
Small Business With cloud, virtualization, internet of things, 11ac and Wifi 6, businesses need a high-performance network to support the growing devices, applications and traffic. 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GE) may sound like an overkill for small and midsize businesses (SMB) a few years ago, but today it has increasingly become a necessity. Cisco Small Business team develops networking technologies tailored for SMB. In 2014, we launched our 1st 10GE switch for SMB market.
New Features and Better Value - Now On Cisco Smart Switches
The Cisco Small Business Switching Team is excited to announce the availability of 2.3.5 software release, delivering significant feature updates to the 250 Series Smart Switches. We have added If you know about network switches for Small and Midsize Business, you may have heard about “Smart Switches”. These switches are priced very affordably, but provide a web interface and basic configuration options to build your network.
New Addition to Cisco SMB Switch Family
This month, we made another big step in completing our full vision of next generation SMB switches. The Cisco Small Business Team is pleased to announce 19 new models in the successful 550X and 350X series switching product line. These new models provide Gigabit or Fast Ethernet with 10-Gigabit uplinks and advanced features to deliver unmatched value for Small and Midsize businesses.
More Powerful Features Coming to Cisco SMB Switches
I hope you’re excited about our next generation 550X, 350X, 350 and 250 series switches. These new switches bring new capabilities, better performance and lower energy consumption at the same affordability of our classic 500, 300 and 200 series switches. The online emulators for these new switches are now ready. Check them out if you haven’t done so.
Affordable 10 Gigabit Ethernet for Small and Midsize Business
As the owner or IT manager of a growing business, you may be well aware of 10 Gigabit network, but never realize your business actually needs it and can afford it right now. This blog will show you some basic facts about 10 Gigabit Ethernet and how you can migrate your network to 10 Gigabit within your budget. Why do I need 10G network?
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