Abstract Gut microbiota may modulate pulmonary inflammation through the gut–lung axis. This study investigated the association between washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) and short-term changes in pulmonary function, inflammatory markers, and gut microbiota in patients with abnormal spirometric patterns. A total of 110 patients who underwent fecal microbiota transplantation, also referred to as WMT, were consecutively screened between March 2023 and January 2025.
