Abstract Oryza is remarkable genus - with two domesticated (i.e. Asian and African rice) and 25 diploid and tetraploid wild species, 11 extant genome types, and a ~3.4-fold genome size variation - that possesses a virtually untapped reservoir of genes that can be used for crop improvement. Here we unveil and interrogate 11 new chromosome-level assemblies of nine tetraploid and two diploid wild Oryza species in the context of ~15 million years of evolution of the genus.
