↵ 1 Supported by the Food Standards Agency (N05072) and the Department of Health. National Health Service Research and Development and King’s College Hospital Trust Research and Development provided service support costs. DSM donated the vitamin B-12 form used to manufacture study tablets. This is an open access article distributed under the CC-BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ ). Background: Moderate vitamin B-12 deficiency is relatively common in older people.