Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or presence of markers of kidney damage (e.g. albuminuria) persisting for three or more months, is a growing global health concern.1-3 Globally, CKD affects approximately 850 million people, with an estimated prevalence of 10%–15%.4 The global burden of CKD continues to rise due to population ageing and the increasing prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors,...
