Zeaxanthin promotes browning by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis through PKA pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes Bailing Zhao, Meihong Liu, Huimin Liu, Xie Jiahan, Jie Yan, Xiaobo Hou and Jingsheng Liu Abstract Obesity is closely associated with maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to systemic lipid metabolism disorders. Zeaxanthin (ZEA) is a kind of carotenoid with potent antioxidant activity and has been reported to promote mitochondrial biogenesis.