Abstract Background: Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is an established warning sign for stroke, but its association with broader cardiovascular outcomes during the course of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. Methods: This population-based cohort included 232,688 adults with newly diagnosed T2DM in the Xiamen Regional Healthcare Database during 2010–2025. Follow-up began at T2DM diagnosis, with hospitalized TIA modeled as a time-varying exposure.
