Cohen questions the justification for a large efficacy trial of the novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccine MVA85A in South African infants.12 This trial confirmed that MVA85A was safe and provided valuable understanding of the TB vaccine.3 These trial results were published within 10 working days of our first seeing the data.24 We strongly agree with calls for rigor in conducting, and openness in reporting, preclinical studies, but we are confident that moving forward with this efficacy trial was...