English This article analyzes the practice of timber extraction, publicly framed as “timber theft.” The study is set in the Mapuche community of Neculman, in the Nahuelbuta Range (Malleco), a territory dominated by industrial forestry. Drawing on ethnographic visits conducted between 2021 and 2023, the article analyzes how material and subjective conditions shape community practices in a context marked by industrial forestry and ongoing ethnic and territorial claims.
