1 INTRODUCTION Low-rank coal, which constitutes over half of the world's coal reserves, is characterized by a low degree of coalification and a high volatile matter content.[1, 2] The volatile matter content in China's low-rank coal resources alone is estimated to be equivalent to approximately 1000 billion tons of oil and gas resources.[3] By utilizing the pyrolysis technology to extract this portion of oil and gas resources, and further converting them into high-value oil products,...
