To prevent drug diversion and get an accurate picture of drug usage, drug monitoring in a clinical pain management practice must test for patient compliance within specified therapeutic ranges. By Dr. Michael Evans, PhD, Breain Ma'Ayteh, MA and John Constantine, BS In the last few decades, pain management has pushed itself to the forefront of the healthcare industry, with approximately fifty million Americans suffering from chronic pain (The Pain Survey, Louis Harris & Associates, 1999).