Lean manufacturing wasn’t always a widely-adopted model used by production floor personnel. In 1996, James Womack and Daniel Jones wrote a book titled, Lean Thinking: Banish Waste and Create Wealth in Your Corporation, which introduced the five principles of Lean – value, the value stream, flow, pull and perfection. These principles created the foundation for Lean manufacturing that can minimize waste and improve productivity. Why did Lean manufacturing struggle to gain traction?