Cara M. Gill, Lorraine Dolan, Laura M. Piggott, Anne Marie McLaughlin Breathe 2022 18: 210149; DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0149-2021 Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is estimated that 25% of the world's population are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with a 5–10% lifetime risk of progression into TB disease. Early recognition of TB disease and prompt detection of drug resistance are essential to halting its global burden.