1 INTRODUCTION Secondary glaucomas account for a significant subset of glaucoma cases (Deubel et al., 2025; European Glaucoma Society 2017; Weber, 2025) and arise from underlying ocular or systemic diseases such as uveitis, trauma, retinal diseases, neovascularization or intraocular tumours (Greslechner et al., 2022; Nüßle & Lübke, 2021; Razeghinejad et al., 2011). Heterogeneous pathogenic mechanisms result in wide variation in clinical presentation, progression, and treatment response.
