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Skip to main content We thank seminar and conference participants at the Southern Economic Association annual meeting, the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management fall research conference, the Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness conference, the Association for Education Finance and Policy annual conference, UMBC Applied Econometrics Working Group, the Annenberg Institute at Brown University, and Maryland Longitudinal Data System Center for helpful feedback.
Exclusionary school discipline—i.e., suspension and expulsion—remains a controversial practice in U.S. schools. Researchers have documented that students of color and other historically marginalized groups are disproportionately subjected to exclusionary discipline, and these practices are associated with negative impacts such as reduced instructional time, lower achievement, and increased school dropout.
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