1 INTRODUCTION Many gastrointestinal diseases and disorders, such as ulcerative colitis (UC), irritable bowel syndromes (IBS), and so on, are associated with depression, anxiety, and cognitive dysfunction.1 For instance, a growing body of research shows that anxiety is one of the most prevalent psychiatric symptoms in UC patients.2 The latest meta-analysis shows that the prevalence of anxiety in UC patients is 32.6%,3 and more than half of patients with active UC met the criteria for anxiety...
