1 Introduction Lithium-Metal Batteries (LMBs) have drawn great attention as promising candidates for next-generation high-energy density batteries. In the LMB, the conventional graphite anode is replaced by Li metal, with the advantages of a high theoretical capacity (3860 mA h g−1) and a low reduction potential of −3.04 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) [1-3]. Nevertheless, the practical applications of LMBs remain limited due to dendrite growth on the Li-metal anode [4, 5].
