1 Introduction Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are treatments used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic heart failure (CHF). SGLT2is lower plasma glucose by blocking renal glucose reabsorption, causing glucosuria and mild natriuresis that reduce intraglomerular pressure, while decreasing fluid congestion and lowering blood pressure, thereby slowing kidney function decline and improving cardiac function.
