Abstract All metabolically active tissues have a dense vascular network to supply oxygen and nutrients. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones, can be activated by the lack of oxygen in cells, disease, trauma, or tumor growth. Due to its essential role in cell survival, angiogenesis has been extensively studied, and therapeutic control of this process is of growing interest. Simultaneously, research aims to find and standardize non-animal testing methods for future use.
