No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). Notes 1 Rail ridership has decreased considerably since Covid-19, and are at present (early 2024) just above half of pre-pandemic levels. The research was conducted before the pandemic, and refers to that period only. 2 The exchange rate at the time was about R15/$. Additional information This research was supported by the Gautrain Management Agency, and the Volvo Research and Educational Foundations (VREF).
