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Abstract Although the possibility of spatial variations in the superfluid of unconventional, strongly correlated superconductors has been suggested1,2,3,4,5,6,7, it is not known whether such inhomogeneities—if they exist—are driven by disorder, strong scattering or other factors. Here we use atomic-resolution Josephson scanning tunnelling microscopy to reveal a strongly inhomogeneous superfluid in the iron-based superconductor FeTe0.55Se0.45.
The difference between metals and insulators is that in the former, additional charge equilibrates in femtoseconds, whereas the latter can be statically charged. The coupling to the lattice is a necessary condition for the trapping of charge in insulators on macroscopic timescales, since electrons by themselves have too great a quantum mechanical behaviour to localize. The trapped charge is stabilized by the formation of static, localized polarons involving a reconfiguration of the atomic lattice.
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