Applications of deep learning: use cases in paediatrics To illustrate the key steps and common pitfalls when developing and evaluating diagnostic applications of DL, we identified four use cases of convolutional neural network-based, DL diagnostic algorithms in paediatrics using a structured search in PubMed (box 2). We included applications that might be implemented in clinical practice in the near future: otitis media, fractures, genetic syndrome facial patterns, and pneumonia (table 4).
