Abstract This study aims to evaluate how deep the roller burnishing (RB) operating variables (temperature, number of passes, and load applied by the bearing) affect the surface properties of an Inconel 718 part, in particular the surface roughness and nanohardness, based on nanoindentation results and image analysis techniques by confocal microscopy. It was evaluated how the intensity of these same variables of roller burnishing operations caused the phenomenon of strain-softening.