Introduction Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a common cerebrovascular disease with an extremely high incidence in the elderly population, affecting 5% of people aged over 50 and almost 100% of people aged over 90.1,2 The diagnosis of CSVD mainly depends on imaging findings, including recent small subcortical infarct, white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), lacunes, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), and brain atrophy.2 CSVD has been proved to cause...