Abstract Sugarcane bagasse (SCB), with global production exceeding 200 million metric tons per year, has emerged as a key lignocellulosic feedstock at the heart of the circular bioeconomy, offering a sustainable, low-carbon alternative to fossil resources through production of biofuels, biochemicals, biopolymers, and bioelectricity. This review critically examines the interplay between conventional bioprocess approaches and artificial intelligence (AI) methods in SCB-based biorefineries.
