1 INTRODUCTION A substantial portion of academic texts is made up of words that can be considered academic vocabulary, and these words are commonly found in academic discourse across disciplines. Given its ubiquitous occurrence, academic vocabulary, which consists of words such as “constitute,” “infer,” and “predominant,” is an important learning target for English language learners to excel in their academic pursuits (Gardner & Davies, 2014; Masrai & Milton, 2018).
