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Articles by Elgin Akin
DNA damage drives antigen diversification in Trypanosoma brucei
Abstract Antigenic variation, using large genomic repertoires of antigen-encoding genes, allows pathogens to evade host antibody. Many pathogens, including the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei, extend their antigenic repertoire through genomic diversification. Although evidence suggests that T.
Low levels of H5N1 HA and NA antibodies in the human population are boosted by seasonal A/H1N1 infection but not by A/H3N2 infection or influenza vaccination
Abstract An increase in the number of human cases of influenza A/H5N1 infection in the US has raised concerns about the pandemic potential of the virus. Preexisting population immunity is a key determinant for risk assessment and pandemic potential for any virus. Antibody responses against the bovine A/H5N1 hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins were measured among a population of influenza-vaccinated or influenza-infected individuals.
Viruses | Free Full-Text | SARS-CoV-2 Variants from Long-Term, Persistently Infected Immunocompromised Patients Have Altered Syncytia Formation, Temperature-Dependent Replication, and Serum Neutralizing Antibody Escape
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SARS-CoV-2 variants from long-term, persistently infected immunocompromised patients have altered syncytia formation, temperature-dependent replication, and serum neutralizing antibody escape
Abstract SARS-CoV-2 infection of immunocompromised individuals often leads to prolonged detection of viral RNA and infectious virus in nasal specimens, presumably due to the lack of induction of an appropriate adaptive immune response. Mutations identified in virus sequences obtained from persistently infected patients bear signatures of immune evasion and have some overlap with sequences present in variants of concern.
Viruses | Free Full-Text | The Influenza B Virus Victoria and Yamagata Lineages Display Distinct Cell Tropism and Infection-Induced Host Gene Expression in Human Nasal Epithelial Cell Cultures
1. Introduction Circulating influenza viruses are members of the family Orthomyxoviridae, with influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes H3N2 and H1N1, and influenza B virus (IBV) Yamagata and Victoria lineages, resulting in the majority of clinically important human infections [1]. The CDC estimates that between 2010 and 2020, seasonal influenza viruses resulted in 9–41 million illnesses, 140,000–710,000 hospitalizations and 12,000–52,000 deaths as of 3 February 2023 [2].
The Influenza B Virus Victoria and Yamagata Lineages Display Distinct Cell Tropism and Infection Induced Host Gene Expression in Human Nasal Epithelial Cell Cultures
Abstract Understanding Influenza B virus infections is of critical importance in our efforts to control severe influenza and influenza-related disease. Until 2020, two genetic lineages of influenza B virus, Yamagata and Victoria, circulated in the population. These lineages are antigenically distinct but differences in virus replication or the induction of host cell responses after infection have not been carefully studied.
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