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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon. Open AccessArticle by Ernest Rutter 1,*, David Wallis 2,† and Kamil Kosiorek 1 1 Rock Deformation Lab, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK 2 School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 1JT, UK * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Transmissivity of fluids along fractures in rocks is reduced by increasing normal stress acting across them, demonstrated here through gas flow experiments on Bowland shale, and oil flow experiments on Pennant sandstone and Westerly granite. Additionally, the effect of imposing shear stress at constant normal stress was determined, until frictional sliding started.
AbstractFluid injection into rocks is increasingly used for energy extraction and for fluid wastes disposal, and can trigger/induce small- to medium-scale seismicity. Fluctuations in pore fluid pressure may also be associated with natural seismicity.
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