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Synthesis of results Of the included 21 studies, a total of 18 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Two studies included two cohorts each, and both cohorts in each of these studies were included in our meta-analysis [21, 30]. The survey by Clayton and colleagues, with a response rate of 17%, was not included in the meta-analysis as the survey did not provide data to identify the use of systematic reviews to justify specific studies.
Highlights • In clinical health research, systematic reviews are not used systematically to guide the design. • Clinical health research design should be guided by previous systematic reviews. • We recommend an EBR approach to decrease research redundancy. • This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesize meta-research studies assessing the use of systematic reviews to inform the design of a new clinical health study.
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