Introduction Heart failure (HF) remains the leading discharge diagnosis among patients ≥65 years of age. The estimated cost for treatment of HF in Medicare recipients is $31 billion and is expected to increase to $53 billion by 2030.1 Hospitalization for HF is the largest segment of those costs. It is likely that the prevention of drug-drug interactions and direct myocardial toxicity would reduce hospital admissions, thus both reducing costs and improving quality of life.
