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Articles by Francis Mark A

ASEAN Economic Community through the Years: Benchmarking, Emerging Trends, and Future Pathways

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By Francis Mark A, Mark A
| gov.ph
The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Blueprint 2025, aimed at fostering deeper regional integration, competitiveness, and economic resilience, has recently been adopted.
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Socioeconomic Research Portal for the Philippines

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By Francis Mark A, Christopher Ed C
| gov.ph
Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to make substantial contributions to Philippine growth and productivity in the coming years. Local government units (LGUs) may leverage this new technology to provide enhanced public service delivery to their respective constituencies. The question now is how ready these units are to adopt AI.
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The Economic Impact of Geoeconomic Fragmentation of Commodity Markets

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By Francis Mark A, Mark A
| gov.ph
This study develops a multidimensional Geoeconomic Fragmentation (GEF) Index and applies structural gravity modeling to quantify how rising geopolitical tensions, sanctions, and supply chain disruptions reshape ASEAN and Philippine commodity trade. Using dyad–product–year data (2000–2024), the GEF index integrates political distance, sanctions exposure, tariff barriers, trade intensity, and import volatility.
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Socioeconomic Research Portal for the Philippines

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By Mark A, Francis Mark A
| gov.ph
This study investigates the potential of ASEAN to emerge as a global power by evaluating its composite capabilities, strategic positioning, and the multifaceted challenges it faces in an increasingly multipolar world.
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The Use of Free Trade Agreements in the Philippines: Trends and Determinants

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By Neil Irwin S, Francis Mark A
| gov.ph
This study examined the utilization of free trade agreements (FTAs) in the Philippines. Using a transaction-level data on Philippine imports, we calculated various indicators to measure preference utilization for the period 2018–2020. We found that FTAs have been substantially utilized on imports from most FTA partners. However, imports from Japan, South Korea, and Singapore exhibited relatively lower utilization rates.
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Socioeconomic Research Portal for the Philippines

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By Neil S, Francis Mark A, Ian Dave B, Karl Robert L
| gov.ph
The first semester issue of the Philippine Journal of Development for 2025 features a diverse set of articles that explore key development concerns in the Philippines, including the fishery sector, free trade agreements, persons with disabilities, and senior high school graduates.
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HEIGHTS-IE: Higher Education Institutions Generating Holistic and Transferable Solutions—Innovation Ecosystems, Philippines

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By Francis Mark A, Mark A
| gov.ph
The paper examines the role of higher education institutions (HEIs) in the agribusiness innovation ecosystem in Central Visayas, Philippines, underlining their contributions, the challenges they face, and the opportunities available. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research reveals that HEIs serve as knowledge sharers and collaborators within the ecosystem. Their impact, however, is limited by inadequate funding and a lack of entrepreneurial engagement, among other factors.
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Competitiveness Assessment of the Philippine Retirement Authority’s Program in International Retirement Migration

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By Francis Mark A, Madeleine Louise S, Anna Rita P, Mark C
| gov.ph
The Philippines has introduced initiatives to attract retirement migrants, including visa and residence permit programs and various incentives. Central to these efforts is the Special Resident Retiree’s Visa (SRRV), managed by the Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA). The SRRV offers a nonimmigrant visa to foreign nationals and former Filipinos, allowing for indefinite stays and multiple entries.
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Socioeconomic Research Portal for the Philippines

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By John Paul P, Francis Mark A, Mark A, Robert Jr.
| gov.ph
PJD 2024 Vol. 48 No. 1x 2024 Volume No. Volume 48 Issue No. Number 1 Publisher Philippine Institute for Development Studies Editor Philippine Institute for Development Studies No. of Pages 112 This year marks the 50th anniversary of the Philippine Journal of Development (PJD). The first semester issue celebrates this milestone with articles on critical topics, such as financial inclusion, housing affordability, free trade agreements, and local governance.
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Does Similarity in Philippine Free Trade Agreements Matter in Trade?

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By Francis Mark A, Mark A
| gov.ph
PJD 2024 Vol. 48 No. 1c 2024 Volume No. Volume 48 Issue No. Number 1 Publisher Philippine Institute for Development Studies Editor Philippine Institute for Development Studies No. of Pages 27 This study proposes using text-of-trade analysis to understand the design of the Japan-Philippines Economic Partnership Agreement and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) agreement.
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Assessing Policy Impacts in Digital Services Trade: Implications for the Philippines

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By Neil Irwin S, Francis Mark A
| gov.ph
PJD 2022 Vol. 47 No. 2c 2023 Volume No. Volume 47 Issue No. Number 2 Publisher Philippine Institute for Development Studies Editor Philippine Institute for Development Studies No. of Pages 20 Rapid digitalization has become integral to the global economy, connecting markets and introducing new modes of production and trade. With a relatively open digital environment, the Philippines is well-positioned for digital trade integration with its Asia-Pacific neighbors.
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Socioeconomic Research Portal for the Philipines

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By Michael R.M, Neil Irwin S, Francis Mark A, Clarisa Joy A
| gov.ph
PJD 2023 Vol. 47 No. 2x 2023 Volume No. Volume 47 Issue No. Number 2 Publisher Philippine Institute for Development Studies Editor Philippine Institute for Development Studies No. of Pages 92 The second semester issue of the Philippine Journal of Development contains articles on sexual education and behavior, the Oil Price Stabilization Fund (OPSF), digital services trade, and health service coverage.
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Exploring Regional Integration with Indo-Pacific Economies: A Background Analysis for IPEF Strategies

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By Francis Mark A, Mark A
| gov.ph
From the launch of the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF), apprehension surrounds its true intentions and objectives. While touted as a US-led strategy to counter China’s dominance in the region, IPEF seems to be a very slow-paced initiative. How it will progress and go about it remains a question that baffles economies. This paper presents IPEF’s cohesiveness with the member economies.
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Does FTA Import Utilization Enhance Firm Performance? An Assessment of the Philippine Manufacturing Sector

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By Neil Irwin S, Francis Mark A
| gov.ph
This study assessed how utilizing free trade agreements (FTAs) in imports affects the performance of Philippine manufacturing firms. It used recent developments in differences-in-differences (DID) estimation with multiple time periods and variations in treatment timing. This DID method was applied to a rich Philippine microdata set that integrates the annual firm surveys/censuses with import transaction data.
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Green and Digital: Managing the Twin Transition toward Sustainable Development

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By Francis Mark A, Neil Irwin S
| gov.ph
The global shift toward sustainability and increased digitalization is evident. Nations are integrating renewable energy, carbon emission reduction, and advancements in green technologies into their development plans. Simultaneously, Industry 4.0 has revealed the diverse ways technology influences human life. Rather than separate factors, these dual forces are interconnected elements that countries must navigate for sustainable progress.
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The Extent of Innovation in Philippine Business and Industry: Results of the 2021 PIDS Survey of Innovation Activities

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By Jose G, Francis Mark A, Jana Flor V, Neil Irwin S
| gov.ph
Following Schumpeter’s ideas, the Oslo Manual defines innovation as “the implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good or service), or process, a new marketing method, or a new organizational method in business practices, workplace organization or external relations”. With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (FIRe), governments have become even more cognizant of innovation as a major driver of economic performance, from output to productivity and competitiveness.
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