For studying these effects, we homogenized the Fe-9 at.% Mn alloy at 1100 °C and then quenched and cold-rolled it to 50% reduction in order to increase the dislocation and interface density. The alloy was annealed at 450 °C for 6 h and subsequently analyzed by APT (see Methods section). The APT reconstruction of a typical dataset, shown in Fig. 1a, reveals structural defects decorated with solute Mn: elongated, tubular features corresponding to dislocations34 and two grain boundaries.
