1 Background Despite extensive efforts to reduce preventable deaths after trauma, hemorrhage remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is estimated that up to one-half of trauma-associated deaths worldwide are due to uncontrolled bleeding, often within the first 6 h, highlighting the need for early recognition and optimized management [1] Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) has emerged as a central pathophysiological driver of bleeding severity and outcome [2, 3].
