Introduction Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of bone micro-architecture, which significantly increases the risk of fractures, particularly osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) (1). A systematic review and meta-analysis based on standardized diagnostic criteria has shown that the prevalence of osteoporosis continues to rise with the global progression of population aging (2).
