Emergency health care deserts do not arise from a single policy failure or executive decision. Instead, they emerge from the intersection of economic pressures, regulatory policies and demographic change. Kaleida Health's decision to close Bradford Regional Medical Center’s inpatient, emergency and long-term care while retaining outpatient clinics and lab services illustrates how these forces can reshape care in a region. kAmz2=6:52 4:E6D 564=:?:?8 A2E:6?E G@=F>6D[ 2??F2= =@DD6D @7 S`_ >:==:@?