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Abstract Background and Objectives To determine the effects of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and glatiramer acetate on iron content in chronic active lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and in human microglia in vitro. Methods This was a retrospective observational study of 34 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and clinically isolated syndrome treated with DMF or glatiramer acetate.
Study design The aim of this study was to establish the effect of the rs7665090 risk variant on (i) astrocyte function in vitro and in situ, (ii) on MS lesion pathology, and (iii) on lesion load in MS patients. iPSC-derived astrocytes, autopsied MS cases, and MS patients were all homozygous for either the risk or protective variant. We used astrocyte cultures derived from a total of 24 iPSC lines obtained from 6 MS patients and 6 healthy donors.
Astrocytes are key players in the pathology of multiple sclerosis and can assume beneficial and detrimental roles during lesion development. The triggers and timing of the different astroglial responses in acute lesions remain unclear. Astrocytes in acute multiple sclerosis lesions have been shown previously to contain myelin debris, although its significance has not been examined.
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