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Traded plastic waste has challenged waste management in importing countries. (1) It causes multifaceted environmental issues that damage ecosystems, human health, and natural resources. (2) Improper waste management in importing countries can degrade land and water quality, increase air pollution, or harm biodiversity and overall ecosystem health.
But, as the world attempts to curb its greenhouse gas emissions, its increasing interconnectedness can complicate matters. A key debate is who should be held responsible for greenhouse gas emissions of internationally traded goods. In a globalised economy, should responsibility for emissions lie with those that produce goods? Or should it rather be accounted for by those that consume final goods and services?
Process life cycle assessment (PLCA) is widely used to quantify environmental flows associated with the manufacturing of products and other processes. As PLCA always depends on defining a system boundary, its application involves truncation errors. Different methods of estimating truncation errors are proposed in the literature; most of these are based on artificially constructed system complete counterfactuals.
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