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Articles by Howard Perlman
Payroll Must Be Vigilant Against Data-Breach Scams, Speaker Says
Payroll practitioners should be aware of the common types of scams that target payroll operations so they can help protect employers and employees from data breaches, a data security specialist said June 2.
Payroll Must Be Vigilant Against Data-Breach Scams, Speaker Says
Payroll practitioners should be aware of the common types of scams that target payroll operations so they can help protect employers and employees from data breaches, a data security specialist said June 2.
The Water Cycle for Schools
The water cycle describes how Earth's water is not only always changing forms, between liquid (rain), solid (ice), and gas (vapor), but also moving on, above, and in the Earth. This process is always happening everywhere. Back to the water cycle diagram for students.
Land subsidence in California, USGS Water Science School
The USGS Water Science School [an error occurred while processing this directive] Back to previous page This photo shows the approximate location of maximum subsidence in the United States, identified by research efforts of Dr. Joseph F. Poland (pictured). The site is in the San Joaquin Valley southwest of Mendota, California. Signs on pole show approximate altitude of land surface in 1925, 1955, and 1977.
Water content of foods and things, USGS Water Science School
Learn More Water Science Activity Center Opinion Surveys: Biggest water problem in the future? Vote for your favorite water body! How serious are these environmental problems? Water Shortage! How would you fix it? Where does the water cycle begin? Challenge Questions: How much water falls during a storm? How much water does a dripping faucet waste? How much water does it take to grow a hamburger? True/False Quizzes: Water properties Groundwater Questionnaires: How does your home drinking water taste?
Water in Space: How Does Water Behave in Outer Space?
The USGS Water Science School Links Glossary Help Back to previous page Here on Earth, we all live in a state of gravity. Not only us, but everything around us, including water, is being pulled towards the center of the planet by gravity. True, it is nice that our dogs don't float off into space, but when a child drops their ice cream (which is full of water, by the way) they don't have to know about gravity to be upset.
Contamination in U.S. Private Wells
Groundwater is one of the Nation's most important natural resources and is an important source of drinking water for mostly-rural populations that supply their own domestic water from local wells. In 2005, about 43 million Americans supplied their own home water and over 99 percent of that water came from groundwater.
What is most of the freshwater in the U.S. used for? Water science questions and answers, from the USGS Water Science School
Water Questions & Answers What is most of the freshwater in the U.S. used for? The water in the Nation's rivers, streams, creeks, lakes, reservoirs, and in underground aquifers are vitally important to our everyday life. Although saline water is used for some purposes, mainly to produce electricity, when people think of the water they use every day, they mostly are considering freshwater.
Center-pivot irrigation systems, as seen from the air, USGS Water Science School
If you've looked out of an airplane window while flying over the central or western United States, chances are you saw lot of the "little" circles on the ground. They are center-pivot irrigation circles, this set being in Colorado. In these systems, water is pumped from an well in the center of the circle from an underground aquifer and distributed through a giant sprinkler hundreds of yards long that pivots around a central point.
The water in you
The USGS Water Science School Links Glossary Help Back to previous page Think of what you need to survive, really just survive. Food? Water? Air? Facebook? Naturally, I'm going to concentrate on water here. Water is of major importance to all living things; in some organisms, up to 90% of their body weight comes from water. Up to 60% of the human adult body is water.
The water cycle, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Water Science School
Water cycle for kids (ages 5-95) and schools - in many languages. Available as: Water cycle for kids (ages 5-95) and schools - in many languages. Available as: Water cycle for kids (ages 5-95) and schools - in many languages. Available as: Earth's water is always in movement, and the natural water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth.
USGS Water Science School
Most U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages measure stage and consist of a structure in which instruments used to measure, store, and transmit the stream-stage information are housed. Stage, sometimes called gage height, can be measured using a variety of methods. One common approach is with a stilling well in the river bank (image to the left) or attached to a bridge pier.
The Water Cycle summary, USGS Water Science School
What is the water cycle? What is the water cycle? I can easily answer that—it is "me" all over! The water cycle describes the existence and movement of water on, in, and above the Earth. Earth's water is always in movement and is always changing states, from liquid to vapor to ice and back again. The water cycle has been working for billions of years and all life on Earth depends on it continuing to work; the Earth would be a pretty stale place without it. Where does all the Earth's water come from?
How Do Hydrologists Locate Groundwater?
To locate groundwater accurately and to determine the depth, quantity, and quality of the water, several techniques must be used, and a target area must be thoroughly tested and studied to identify hydrologic and geologic features important to the planning and management of the resource. The landscape may offer clues to the hydrologist about the occurrence of shallow groundwater. Conditions for large quantities of shallow groundwater are more favorable under valleys than under hills.
What is a 100-Year Flood? the USGS Water Science School flooding information, page 1.
Flooding and high water are of major interest not only here at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), but to most of the population of the United States.
Rainfall calculator (English units)
Activity Description X It is the middle of July in Georgia and both you and your tomatoes are wilting in your yard, both looking to the sky and hoping for rain. Or, maybe a low-pressure cell has been napping overhead, and your arm is hurting from holding that umbrella while you watch your basement fill up with water. Either way, you would like to know how much rain has fallen—how many gallons have come down from the skies onto your roof, yard, block, or town.
It's a Water-Full World
From space Earth is simply a pale blue dot. It's blue because of all the water on its surface. In fact, a little more than 70 percent of the Earth's surface is covered by water, most of it ocean. But how much water is there, really? This image, produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), shows all of Earth's water in three little orbs. The big one, over the western U.S., is all the water in the world—everything from the salty oceans to the water found deep underground.
Groundwater depletion
Groundwater is a valuable resource both in the United States and throughout the world. Where surface water, such as lakes and rivers, are scarce or inaccessible, groundwater supplies many of the hydrologic needs of people everywhere. In the United States, it is the source of drinking water for about half the total population and nearly all of the rural population, and it provides over 50 billion gallons per day for agricultural needs.
Recurrence intervals and 100-year floods
The USGS Water Science School Links Glossary Help Back to previous page Possibly you can remember when a really big rain, be it from a hurricane or a large frontal system, hit your town.
How Much Water is on and in the Earth, the USGS Water Science School
Back to: How much water is there? | Where is Earth's water The images below show blue spheres representing relative amounts of Earth's water in comparison to the size of the Earth. Are you surprised that these water spheres look so small? They are only small in relation to the size of the Earth. These images attempt to show three dimensions, so each sphere represents "volume." They show that in comparison to the volume of the globe, the amount of water on the planet is very small.
The water cycle, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Water Science School
Water cycle for kids (ages 5-95) and schools - in many languages. Available as: Water cycle for kids (ages 5-95) and schools - in many languages. Available as: Water cycle for kids (ages 5-95) and schools - in many languages. Available as: Earth's water is always in movement, and the natural water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth.
The Water Cycle for Schools and Students
The atmosphere truly is the superhighway in the sky that moves water everywhere over the Earth. The next time you go outside you will be standing in the Earth's atmosphere. The atmosphere is all the air from the bottom of an ant's leg up to where there is no more air—many miles in the sky. The air outside may look invisible, but it is full of molecules, including water molecules, as water vapor. That big cumulus cloud (full of water) floating in the sky is the water cycle in action.
How much water flows during a storm?
As is typical of small urban streams, Peachtree Creek in Atlanta, Ga., USA, rises quickly and exhibits a large increase in streamflow when a major rainstorm hits the watershed. Thus, during a storm, many times more water can flow in a few hours as flows in a few days of base flow (generally periods of minimal/near minimal streamflow when no precipitation has fallen for a while).
Water use in the United States, from USGS Water-Science School
This section of the Water Science site is about how we use water on an everyday basis. After all, when it comes down to it, how we use water is what is really important to the average person. All 2005 water-use information is from the report Estimated use of water in the United States in 2005. Data is available for 2010. To view PDF files, the latest version of Adobe Reader (free of charge) or similar software is needed.
Why raindrops are different sizes
In science we learn that one question often leads to another, or several others. Before we can discuss raindrop sizes, we must understand what a raindrop is. How is a raindrop made? How big can a raindrop be? In order to have rain you must have a cloud--a cloud is made up of water in the air (water vapor.) Along with this water are tiny particles called condensation nuclei--for instance, the little pieces of salt leftover after sea water evaporates, or a particle of dust or smoke.
Groundwater True/False Quiz: USGS Water Science School
Groundwater Quiz How much do you know about the water below your feet? If you are standing on the ground, it is a safe bet that you are also standing on water (more like, "over" water). Water exists in significant amounts below just about Earth's entire surface. Since you hardly ever see groundwater, it may not be a topic of conversation between you and your friends very often.
Rainfall calculator
It is the middle of July in Georgia, and both you and your tomatoes are wilting in your yard, both looking to the sky and hoping for rain. Or, maybe a low-pressure cell has been napping overhead and your arm is hurting from holding that umbrella while you watch your basement fill up with water. Either way, you would like to know how much rain has fallen—how many gallons have come down from the skies onto your roof, yard, block, or town.
Sinkholes, from USGS Water-Science School
Sinkholes are common where the rock below the land surface is limestone, carbonate rock, salt beds, or rocks that can naturally be dissolved by groundwater circulating through them. As the rock dissolves, spaces and caverns develop underground. Sinkholes are dramatic because the land usually stays intact for a while until the underground spaces just get too big. If there is not enough support for the land above the spaces then a sudden collapse of the land surface can occur.
Glaciers and icecaps, the USGS Water Science School water-information site
Even though you've maybe never seen a glacier, they are a big item when we talk about the world's water supply. Almost 10 percent of the world's land mass is currently covered with glaciers, mostly in places like Greenland and Antarctica. Glaciers are important features in the hydrologic cycle and affect the volume, variability, and water quality of runoff in areas where they occur. In a way, glaciers are just frozen rivers of ice flowing downhill. Glaciers begin life as snowflakes.
Rainbows (water and light), USGS Water Science School
Yes, this rainbow can honestly tell this leprechaun that his gold is safely stored at the end of the rainbow. After all, have you ever known anyone who has ever even gotten to the end of rainbow, even with a pot of gold tempting them? Even if a rainbow is right in front of you, it always still seems to stay out of reach.
How much water does a leaking faucet waste? USGS Water Science School
Number of homes Number of faucets in each home Number of drips per minute Here's how much water would be wasted (numbers may be rounded): Drips per day: Liters per day: Gallons (US) per day: Gallons (US) per year: Back to the Activity Center.
Per capita water use. Water questions and answers; USGS Water Science School
Water Questions & Answers Water at Home Where does our home water come from? How much water do I use per day? How is water supplied to our homes? How is the water I drink made safe? Where does our home wastewater go? I live on a hill, how does water get to my house? How much water falls during a storm? Does a little leak in my house waste water? My mom drinks "artesian well water". What is it?
Water properties
Water is unique in that it is the only natural substance that is found in all three physical states—liquid, solid, and gas—at the temperatures normally found on Earth. Water freezes at 32° Fahrenheit (F) and boils at 212°F (at sea level, but 186.4° at 14,000 feet). Water is unusual in that the solid form, ice, is less dense than the liquid form, which is why ice floats. Water is called the "universal solvent" because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid.
The Water Cycle for Kids
The Water Cycle - Water Science for Schools Back to previous page The water cycle in many languages! The Water Cycle for Kids The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) have teamed up to create a water-cycle diagram for schools. Interactive water-cycle diagramNew! Our interactive diagram allows you to "mouse around" the parts of the water cycle and view explanations, pictures, and more online.
How much water is there on Earth, from the USGS Water Science School
How much water is there on, in, and above the Earth? All Earth's water, liquid fresh water, and water in lakes and rivers Spheres showing: (1) All water (sphere over western U.S., 860 miles in diameter) (2) Fresh liquid water in the ground, lakes, swamps, and rivers (sphere over Kentucky, 169.5 miles in diameter), and (3) Fresh-water lakes and rivers (sphere over Georgia, 34.9 miles in diameter).
Land subsidence, USGS Water Science School
Approximate location of maximum subsidence in the United States identified by research efforts of Dr. Joseph F. Poland (pictured). Signs on pole show approximate altitude of land surface in 1925, 1955, and 1977. The site is in the San Joaquin Valley southwest of Mendota, California. Credit: Dick Ireland, USGS. View full size Land subsidence occurs when large amounts of groundwater have been withdrawn from certain types of rocks, such as fine-grained sediments.
Where is Earth's water? USGS Water-Science School
"Water, Water, Everywhere...." You've heard the phrase, and for water, it really is true. Earth's water is (almost) everywhere: above the Earth in the air and clouds, on the Earth as rivers, oceans, ice, plants, and dogs, and inside the Earth in the top few miles of the ground. Below are two representations of where Earth's water resides. The left-side bar chart shows how almost all Earth's water is saline and in the oceans.
Area of each state that is water
What percent of the area of the United States do you think is water? Data is for the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Source U.S. Census Bureau: Geography What percent of your state do you think is water covered? Which state has the highest percentage of water area? Is the West really "drier" than the rest of the country? The table below shows the total land area and water area of each state. These water area data represent the sum of inland and coastal water and the Great Lakes.
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