Abstract Background: Phospholipids are important bioactive components in human milk. They are rich in unsaturated fatty acids and play crucial roles in cell signal transduction and infant intellectual development. Methods: This study quantitatively pooled concentrations of total phospholipids and their subclasses in human milk, and narratively summarized phospholipid subclass proportions across different countries. Relevant studies published up to October 2025 were searched from six databases.
