“The very essence of the virus is its fundamental entanglement with the genetic and metabolic machinery of the host.” Joshua Lederberg (American Nobel laureate, 1993) Introduction Viruses infect all cellular life. Their evolution is inextricably bound to their target cells. Whether lyzing cells as part of a lytic cycle or inserting their DNA into the host genome in the lysogenic cycle, viruses place selective pressure on cells to evolve counter measures to evade infection.
